Abbreviations CVOTs: Cardiovascular outcome trials DPP-4 inhibitors: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors GLP-1RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists SGLT-2 inhibitors: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors MACE: Major cardiovascular events RR: Risk ratio HHF: Hospitalization for heart failure References IDF Diabetes Atlas 2021 10th edition
Patients with contraindications to GLP-1 agonists may explore older weight-loss medications like phentermine or orlistat, or consider non-pharmacologic approaches like intensive lifestyle modification and bariatric surgery consultation
Furthermore, because both are amino acid derivatives associated with muscle building, they are frequently lumped together in casual conversation
The outputs evaluated following PRISMA were heterogeneous by the need to include animal models as well as human studies
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doi: 10.1111/liv.15080, 24
