(Source 8) However, it's hard to say this benefit is due to the caffeine when coffee is very high in polyphenol antioxidant compounds, which are beneficial
This effect was strongest with AST, with AUC 0.7240 with p value 0.0044
Swisher SG , Hunt KK, Holmes EC, Zinner MJ, McFadden DW
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience long-term oxidative damage and inflammation of lung tissue, which causes airways to constrict, leading to shortness of breath and coughing
Apart from the cosmetic angle, many also report improved energy levels, reduced inflammation, and better immune function over time
It also contributes to heterogeneity in trial designs, encompassing a broad array of endpoints, mechanisms of action, and timescales