Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonists Examples: Linaclotide, Plecanatide Mechanism: cGMP activates CFTR channels intestinal fluid secretion accelerate transit Uses: Chronic constipation, IBS-C Adverse Effects: Diarrhea, abdominal pain Bulk-forming safest, long-term use Osmotic acute or hepatic encephalopathy (lactulose) Stimulants short-term only Stool softeners post-surgery, hemorrhoids Lubricants avoid long-term Chloride channel activators & GC-C agonists newer agents for chronic constipation Mnemonic for Laxatives: BOSS-LC B Bulk-forming O Osmotic S Stimulant S Stool softeners L Lubricant C Chloride channel activators / cGMP agonists To view or add a comment, sign in Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) is a systemic alkalinizing agent used to correct metabolic acidosis and as a source of bicarbonate ions in various clinical situations
For Canadian researchers, the operating reality in 2026 is a tightening Health Canada enforcement environment combined with a demanding documentation standard for any laboratory material
Atherosclerosis is not random arterial clogging. It is a chronic inflammatory response to metabolic disturbance
No serious adverse events reported
Gene expression data (human): Even without long-term outcomes data, human scalp studies show that topical GHK-Cu activates genes involved in follicle cycling within weeks of application
Orphanet J Rare Dis 10:29
