In this regard, pangamic acid has been a medication that stimulates cellular respiration for decades on the market throughout the world
It's a naturally occurring molecule found in every cell of your body, composed of three amino acids: glutamine, glycine, and cysteine
HFD inhibits the transcription of key antioxidant genes by triggering NRF2 translocation into obese mouse Tregs nucleus, causing a rapid decline in HO-1 expression in Tregs, leading to enhanced oxidative stress and possible ferroptosis, and causing an intensification of obesity and inflammatory responses (156) ( Figure 3 )
The anti-folateanti-cancer chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (Table 1) is used clinically for curing multiple cancers, especially acute leukemia, despite its serious side effects
The alpha-ketoglutarate could directly pass into the mitochondria or go through transamination with alanine or aspartate to generate glutamate, which might easily enter the mitochondria and be metabolized or take part in a malate aspartate shuttle [126]
doi: 10.1007/s13668-024-00535-x