Although the drop in hepatic or renal GSH is the most toxicologically relevant interaction (see also below), plasma GSH, free cysteine ( in vitro intracellular GSH in human pulmonary macrophages, type II pneumocytes, and lymphocytes ( Oxidized PAC-quinone imine metabolites have also been shown to form GSH-conjugates which inhibit glutathione reductase (GR): the decreased activity of GR hampers the detoxification and antioxidant capacity of the GSH-GSSG cycle, further aggravating the pro-oxidative status in the cell ( From a different toxicological perspective, a study by Klopi et al
It is recommended that anyone who administers a B12 injection should receive training and guidance from a healthcare professional
What would move this position is: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in a defined population with an objective primary endpoint, a pre-registered protocol, and pharmacovigilance over a clinically meaningful duration
& Galloway, D
Smith E, Ottosson F, Hellstrand S, Ericson U, Orho-Melander M, Fernandez C, et al
Medical history: Health conditions, pregnancy, breastfeeding, recent illness, and prior reactions are reviewed first
