Individuals who used GLP-1RAs for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 years had IRRs close to 1.0, with no significant decrease in MACE risk at three years, although these estimates varied across specific treatment strategies defined by prior duration and subsequent exposure patterns
While recent high-quality reviews have extensively covered the general crosstalk between GLP-1 signaling and the gut microbiota, or focused broadly on pharmacomicrobiomics in metabolic diseases, a comprehensive critical evaluation centered on therapeutic heterogeneity remains scarce
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instead, we offer a high-end environment where metabolic science meets personalized care
Certain prebiotic substances serve as a stimulant for the growth of probiotics in the gut
10.1002/ptr.5871 114 ZhangQ.XiaY.WangF.YangD.LiangZ