Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that supports red blood cell production, nerve function, and energy conversion
In Brazil, it is estimated that approximately 8.8 million women (about 12.3% of the female population) present symptoms highly suggestive of lipedema, frequently associated with comorbidities like hypertension, anemia, anxiety, and depression.9 Notably, body dissatisfaction and psychological distress have contributed to increased awareness and demand for diagnosis of this condition.3,10 Nevertheless, lipedema continues to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, often confused with conditions such as lymphedema, lipohypertrophy, cellulite (also known as gynoid lipodystrophy), or obesity.10,11 Currently, there is no reliable biomarker or widely accessible diagnostic tool for lipedema
Methotrexate is metabolised primarily by the kidneys and liver, whilst GLP-1 receptor agonists are broken down through protein degradation pathways
The preparation is standardised prior to use, allowing researchers to work with a consistent peptide composition and eliminating variability associated with solution preparation
The versatility of Ag NPs in these applications highlights their potential to revolutionize the future of diagnostics and therapeutics, offering an integrated approach to patient care [139]
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