This slowing contributes to the appetite suppression that drives weight loss and the postprandial glucose-lowering effect, and it also drives most of the gastrointestinal side effect profile.[1],[2] A 2025 review in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism summarizes the published evidence: GLP-1 receptor agonists impact gastric, intestinal, and gallbladder motility simultaneously, with effects on gastric fundus relaxation, antral contractility inhibition, increased pyloric tone, and reduced small intestinal motility.[3] The path from this mechanism to constipation is straightforward
Who should not try it Kidney disease or a history of kidney stones gelatin is ~85% protein by dry weight and increases glomerular filtration load
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Aroda VR, Bailey TS, Cariou B et al (2016) Effect of adding insulin degludec to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and liraglutide: a double-blind randomized controlled trial (BEGIN: ADD TO GLP-1 Study)
