Higher levels of this oxide in the blood activate special proteins in the cells lining the blood vessels
It is reported that high concentrations of fumarate and succinate can enhance the 3-methylation of histones H3K4 and H3K27 by inhibiting KDM5 histone demethylase (responsible for H3K4 demethylation) and JMJD3 histone demethylase, respectively, which in turn promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (125, 161, 162)
Boer et al
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This compound is also of interest in studies on neuronal plasticity and function, as it plays a role in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
Baker A, Adab K, Raghunand N, Chow H, Stratton S, Squire S, et al