Therapeutic support (chronic illness, high toxic load, recovery): up to 2,000mg daily
Subsequently, the aspartateglutamate antiporter (encoded by SLC25A13 gene) exports aspartate into the cytosol where cytosolic glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT1) transfers an amino group from aspartate to ketoglutarate to produce glutamate and oxaloacetate to complete the cycle, which is, in turn, reduced to malate in conjunction with oxidizing NADH to NAD + by cytosolic MDH (Fig
Interestingly, one study did find that NAC reduced adverse reactions to chemotherapy
Chung et al., 2019)
In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, daily application of GHK-Cu cream at 3% concentration for 12 weeks produced a 70% increase in skin collagen thickness as measured by ultrasound imaging, a 40% increase in skin elasticity, and visible reduction in fine lines and wrinkles
Consistent daily use over weeks or months is key for noticeable skin brightening and anti-aging effects