Consistent with this result, HPL flavonoids with a typical flavonol C6C3C6 carbon framework exhibited stable free radical scavenging activity by interacting with free radicals to form stable adducts and then generating neutral molecules via retro-Diels-Alder degradation ( Under conditions of estrogen deficiency, the macromolecular enzymes that maintain the balance of free radicals in the body exhibit reduced free radical scavenging activities
This increased activity naturally leads to the production of more reactive oxygen species, which can cause oxidative stress
GSH may have decreased due to side reactions with amino groups during sample pretreatment
We screened candidate mutant lines by PCR and Sanger sequencing and identified the Atg8a 12 allele that carries an 8-bp deletion based on sequencing data (Fig S2A), which causes frameshift in all isoforms of the Atg8a gene
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This work was supported by R35HL139726 (ESN), R01HL156670 (CCS), K24HL150630 (CCS), and 5R01HL157973 (SF)