It is unclear where DSIP is synthesized
These medications, known as GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs), offer promising therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes and obesity-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (6)
Theres no reason to believe that the increased mitochondrial biogenesis, the activation of mitochondrial proteins, the antioxidant enzyme production are not happening to some degree, even with the smallest levels of GLP-1s, he says
Demonstrated clinical benefits of GLP-1s include improved cardiometabolic risks, fewer major adverse cardiovascular events [23], decreased mortality in heart failure [[24], [25], [26], [27], [28]], and improvements in obstructive sleep apnea [12,29], prediabetes [30,31], chronic kidney disease [32], knee osteoarthritis [33], substance use disorders [34], and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease [35]
Methionine in turn is required for the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine, a methyl group donor used in many biological methylation reactions, including the methylation of a number of sites within DNA, RNA, and proteins ( Figure 1 ) (3)
Oxidative stress, compounded by mitochondrial dysfunction and NADPH oxidase activation, damages cardiac myocytes, leading to arrhythmias and impaired ventricular function, while the formation of ONOO further disrupts cardiac contractility (117)
