This is believed to be due to increased blood flow to the brain caused by L-carnitine supplements
A 2014 review in the peptide impurity literature, surveying SPPS-related failure modes across commercial peptide drugs, notes that these impurities accumulate through the synthesis because each flawed coupling gets carried forward on the resin
Front Physiol 2019;10:413
Rubber band ligation is the best treatment modality
Building Blocks: Peptide Therapeutics: References: Li, W., Zhou, Q., Cong, Z
These improvements are likely by activating the Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), enhancing glycolysis, inhibiting gluconeogenesis, and upregulating the expression of GLUT2, GLUT3 and GLUT4 genes 28