Sorafenib induces ferroptosis by targeting the cystine/glutamate anti-transport system Xc- [154,155,156,157], an effect that impinges on cystine uptake, thereby preventing subsequent synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major intracellular antioxidant, preventing GPX4 activation [158, 159], and can trigger ER stress and ferroptosis
Figure 2 The Role of the PPP in Insulin Secretion Insulin is stored in granules and released via exocytosis from pancreatic islet cells in response to glucose in a biphasic manner, which is known as the triggering pathway and the amplifying pathway (35)
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N Engl J Med 327(10):669677 Planas-Bohne F (1981) The effect of 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate and dimercaptosuccinic acid on the distribution and excretion of mercuric chloride in rats
Schmeichel AM, Schmelzer JD, Low PA