dutch brass tobacco box Inscribed and Copper (c. 1730) Circa 1780 Antique Brass &

Smile from the heart

As air passes through the nasal cavity, the air is warmed to body temperature and humidified

In this study, the prevalence of smoking at baseline was 27.6%, which is similar to the that of the general population in Korea (27.3%) 19

Strengths and Limitations The strengths of this meta-analysis include the large pooled sample size (24,000 participants, from multinational countries like USA, UK, South Korea, Canada, and Colombia), the integration of multiple biomarker types (nicotine metabolites, TSNAs, and cytokines), and the application of GRADE methodology to assess the certainty of evidence

Retrieved 1 April 2021

doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-38978-w 44