(Strength of Evidence = B) Pregnant Smokers System Recommendations Intervention as a covered health care benefit Clinician training and chart reminders Tobacco dependence treatment as a part of assessing health care quality Cost-effectiveness of tobacco dependence Interventions Intervention as a Covered Health Benefit Estimated rates of quit attempts for individuals who received tobacco use interventions as a covered health insurance benefit (n = 3 studies) Intervention as a Covered Health Benefit Estimated abstinence rates for individuals who received tobacco use interventions as a covered benefit (n = 3 studies) Intervention as a Covered Health Benefit Recommendation: Providing tobacco dependence treatments (both medication and counseling) as a paid or covered benefit by health insurance plans has been shown to increase the proportion of smokers who use cessation treatment, attempt to quit, and successfully quit
Material and methods Cigarette littering observations Observation procedure To investigate cigarette littering predictors on a local scale, we conducted unobtrusive observations of smokers in Gothenburg, Sweden, which counts approximately 571,868 citizens and 40,000 daily smokers [59]
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