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The evidence: Limited research, mostly observational data

There are many of these products on the market and their effectiveness varies greatly

DASH Collaborative Research Group

[61] Clearomizers are now commonly available and similar to cartomizers, but they include a clear tank of a larger volume and no filler material

PMI has said its aim is to see combustible tobacco products replaced by smoke-free technology such as its IQOS heated tobacco devices with a goal of making two thirds of its revenues from smoke-free devices by the end of this decade

It may have serious health risks, including negative short-term effects on airways and blood vessels, and we do not know the long-term effects of their use, Bandi said